Conferencia de Jorge Alberto Velásquez
Conferencia de Jorge Alberto Velásquez
Cátedra Guillermo Gano – Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
Por Jorge Alberto Velásquez B.
Medellín, marzo 9 de 2007
Guillermo Cano:
el periodismo como misión
Hablar de la vida de Guillermo Cano Isaza , director de El Espectador, obliga a una referencia al periódico que dirigió y al papel cumplido en el escenario de la prensa colombiana.
Desde su fundación hace 120 años en la estrecha villa de Medellín, El Espectador fue una escuela de libertad. Sus páginas estuvieron abiertas para luchar contra los excesos del largo gobierno de Núñez, siempre listo a mandar al destierro y al ostracismo a sus críticos y opositores. Yo, que desde la adolescencia me nutrí del periodismo panfletario del Indio Uribe, aprendí a querer a El Espectador por darle albergue a este otro adalid de la libertad. Sin embargo, del papel de El Espectador en la vida colombiana se han ocupado con lujo de competencia otros periodistas y estudiosos y se hablará posteriormente en esta Cátedra.
Valores que representó Guillermo Cano Isaza en el periodismo
Solo un hombre de carácter y del sentido de la responsabilidad como Guillermo Cano podía tomar la decisión –y cumplirla hasta sus últimas consecuencias- de desafiar los mayores poderes fácticos del país en su momento, sostenidos por el dinero y las armas: El Grupo Grancolombiano, primero, y el cartel de Medellín, después. Eso es lo que quiero destacar en esta oportunidad: los valores que representó Guillermo Cano Isaza en el periodismo colombiano, como un Quijote, ese sí luchando contra enormes y poderosos monstruos de verdad.
Para hacerlo, es preciso resaltar que los Cano son una familia de periodistas. Lo suyo no fueron los negocios ni la utilización de la prensa como plataforma política, sino el ejercicio del periodismo con base en los principios trazados por don Fidel Cano desde el nacimiento de El Espectador. Eso los hizo distintos entre los de su género en el país.
A partir de esta importante definición: ser periodistas y no empresarios de la información ni políticos en trance de ser nombrados por el gobierno de turno, es necesario poner de presente, entre otros, para que las nuevas generaciones los retomen, los siguientes valores de don Guillermo Cano:
- Fidelidad a la causa de la verdad por encima de todo.
- Valor civil en el cumplimiento de su deber de periodista.
- Firmeza en sus convicciones.
- Vocación de servicio a la sociedad.
- Coherencia e Integridad en la defensa de los intereses públicos, hasta el punto de dar la vida por sus ideas.
- Olfato periodístico traducido en una inagotable capacidad de anticipación, porque advirtió con suficientes razones del abismo moral que amenazaba a Colombia si transigía con los delincuentes. Desde entonces y más que nunca, son los delincuentes los que ocupan las primeras páginas de diarios y revistas. Y ya sabemos por qué.
El periodismo que perdimos
Tales principios y valores no le señalaban un camino de rosas, como en efecto sucedió. El nombre de Guillermo Cano Isaza ingresó el 17 de diciembre de 1986 a la larga lista de mártires colombianos que ofrendaron su vida por defender la vigencia de la democracia, creyendo en la instauración de un Estado de Derecho, en el cual fuera posible disentir y proponer, donde hubiera debates y no amenazas, donde brillara la justicia y no la corrupción. Pero no fue así.
Ese día la defensa de la dignidad colombiana perdió uno de sus baluartes. El narcotráfico, sus ideólogos, cómplices, patrocinadores y colaboradores sabían que asesinando a don Guillermo Cano daban un salto kilométrico en sus perversas intenciones de apoderarse del país y poner a sus pies a las instituciones, porque vencían a quien era capaz de hablar en voz alta. Los resultados de esa estrategia saltan a la vista: el narcotráfico es el común denominador de la crisis moral, política y social de la Colombia actual, un país expoliado hasta en sus convicciones éticas y en sus principios morales.
A su lado, en la galería de mártires que soñaron con un país distinto y mejor, se guarda la memoria de quienes denunciaron y señalaron otros caminos posibles y cumplieron con su deber hasta el sacrificio: Rafael Uribe Uribe, Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Luis Carlos Galán, Jaime Pardo Leal, Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa, los ex ministros Rodrigo Lara Bonilla y Enrique Low Murtra, los jueces, dirigentes gremiales y sindicales, los estudiantes, campesinos, sacerdotes, obreros y docentes que cayeron y siguen cayendo víctimas de las fuerzas oscuras nunca investigadas, resultado del consorcio ilícito entre impunidad y delincuencia.
¿Estaba equivocado Guillermo Cano? Es imposible contestar afirmativamente esta pregunta. El no estaba equivocado. El creía firmemente en sus ideas y las defendía con ahínco. Su obsesión no era el heroísmo, ni mucho menos, sino el servicio a su país. Los equivocados eran los gobernantes, los dirigentes y la opinión pública que impasibles e indiferentes dejaron crecer fenómenos como la corrupción y el narcotráfico y voltearon la mirada cuando narcotraficantes y políticos unieron sus intereses.
Con la muerte de Guillermo Cano fue derrotado el periodismo independiente y defensor de los valores democráticos. La muerte de Guillermo Cano fue una más en la larga cadena de crímenes en la historia colombiana, marcada por el asesinato político como instrumento para impedir los cambios y acallar las voces disidentes. Pero fue significativa porque marcó un momento, un hito, en la instauración del poder mafioso. Su asesinato envió un mensaje a todo aquel que intentara oponer resistencia. Con su muerte, el periodismo de denuncia, el periodismo de investigación, claudicó y allanó el camino hacia la indiferencia y la laxitud. De la hecatombe se salva a medias el periodismo de opinión Allí siguen vigentes su espíritu y su pluma. Guillermo Cano fue asesinado, pero la gran derrotada fue Colombia. Aquello por lo que vivió y luchó, sucumbió entre presiones, amenazas y pactos de supervivencia con los enemigos de la sociedad.
¿Cuál sería hoy la posición de Guillermo Cano Isaza frente a la terrible crisis moral de la política colombiana?
La cultura mafiosa contra la que luchó permeó la sociedad. Hizo de Colombia un país laxo, flexible, temeroso y complaciente.
La Colombia digna por la que luchó y murió quedó en sus sueños.
Hoy se habla profusamente, sin que nada cambie, acerca de los procedimientos que sojuzgaron la incipiente democracia:
Intimidación a los miembros de instituciones políticas, administrativas, judiciales, educativas y de los medios de comunicación por la injerencia del poder armado y el silencio de las autoridades del Estado.
Pérdida de autonomía de los poderes regionales y locales.
Supresión de los derechos fundamentales a la dignidad humana, la libertad de expresión, asociación, libre desarrollo de la personalidad, la libertad de cátedra y el debido proceso.
Sojuzgamiento de la neutralidad política del poder judicial.
Predominio de la impunidad, con su secuela de repetición de las violaciones a los derechos humanos y la total indefensión de las víctimas.
Los procedimientos democráticos fueron desvirtuados por las más graves violaciones de los derechos humanos.
Ante este panorama uno podría decir, sin remedio, que la suya fue una muerte en vano. Sin embargo, todavía hay oportunidad para la ética y la libertad, para denunciar la corrupción y la impunidad. Las generaciones de periodistas del presente y del futuro, teniendo a Guillermo Cano como faro de la ética y del periodismo como vocación de servicio, tienen a disposición los instrumentos que proveen las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación para crear y sostener todos los medios independientes que sean necesarios, sin ataduras económicas o laborales a los grandes medios, para continuar la lucha por la democratización de la sociedad, del Estado y del periodismo, para mantener a salvo la esperanza de un cambio real en un país que parece de ficción.
Que así sea.
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